⚡ Engineering Multidimensional Carbon-Based Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting ⚡
Water splitting is a cornerstone technology for clean hydrogen production, and carbon-based electrocatalysts are leading the charge ๐. From pristine graphene, carbon nanotubes, and porous carbons to multidimensional nanostructures, these materials offer high conductivity, large surface area, and excellent chemical stability ๐ฌ. By tailoring defects, heteroatom doping (N, S, P, B), and nano-architectures, researchers enhance catalytic active sites, accelerating both hydrogen evolution (HER) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER) for efficient green energy systems ๐ฑ. To push performance further, scientists integrate carbon frameworks with advanced materials such as MOFs, POPs, and MXenes ⚙️. MOF-derived carbons provide tunable porosity and uniformly dispersed metal centers ๐งช, while POP hybrids create robust, chemically stable networks with rich active sites ๐. MXene–carbon hybrids introduce metallic conductivity and surface terminations that improve charge transfer and catalytic kineti...