πΏπ API Syntheses in Aqueous Media: Assessing the Environmental Footprint from Academic Discovery to Industrial Application
The synthesis of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) in aqueous media has emerged as a transformative approach in modern process chemistry π. Traditionally, API manufacturing relies heavily on organic solvents, many of which are volatile, toxic, and environmentally hazardous. Replacing these solvents with water—a non-toxic, non-flammable, and abundantly available medium π§—offers a sustainable alternative aligned with green chemistry principles. In academic research, water-based reactions are gaining attention due to improved atom economy, safer reaction conditions, and reduced waste generation. These early-stage innovations represent a crucial step toward minimizing the environmental footprint of pharmaceutical development.

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